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         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Geographical Studies and Development</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">GSD</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">applied</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Professor (Dr.) Md. Nazim</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">GSD110004</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Understanding the Level of Job Satisfaction among the Workers of Tea-processing Units based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM): A Case Study of Rajganj Block, Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghosh</surname>
            <given-names>Suity</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Roy</surname>
            <given-names>Prof. (Dr.) Ranjan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">University of North Bengal</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-11">
        <month>07</month>
        <day>11</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>41</fpage>
      <lpage>54</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons license.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>In India, the overall status of tea plantation workers and their working environment is governed by the Plantation Labour Act (PLA), 1951, and the rules framed by the state governments. Tea-processing workers are largely associated with ‘red-collar’ jobs that demand empirical study of their job satisfaction. Historically, tea-processing has been one of the major industrial sectors of Jalpaiguri district. This study determines the factors influencing job satisfaction among workers of tea-processing units in the Rajganj block of Jalpaiguri district. A semi-structured schedule was administered to 250 randomly selected respondents. Data were analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) followed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Results show that wage and health-care facilities exert a strong positive effect on job satisfaction (β = 0.77). Welfare and job security (β = –0.04) and housing and supervision (β = –0.02) exhibit weak negative effects, indicating that moderate changes in these variables produce only slight changes in satisfaction. The findings underscore the primacy of wage and health-care benefits for improving job satisfaction in the tea-processing sector of the study area.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Job satisfaction</kwd>
        <kwd>Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)</kwd>
        <kwd>Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)</kwd>
        <kwd>Tea-processing workers</kwd>
        <kwd>Rajganj block</kwd>
        <kwd>Jalpaiguri</kwd>
        <kwd>West Bengal</kwd>
        <kwd>Wage</kwd>
        <kwd>Health-care facilities</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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